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Applications
Publications
nanoIR Applications
Applications for the nanoIR system are increasing daily. Some include:
Laminated polymer multilayer films
Polymer blends
Composite materials
Life Sciences
Laminated polymer multilayer films
The nanoIR instrument can map layers and interfaces in multilayer films, including layers that are two thin to resolve with conventional IR microspectroscopy. The line spectral map above shows three layers of a multilayer film comprising ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (outer layers) and nylon (inner layer).
Polymer blends
Impact modified polymers
Impact modified polymers are polymer materials that typically contain two or more components to achieve improved material performance. Most often they contain a rigid plastic material blended with a rubbery material. Example nanoIR measurements are shown below on a common impact modified polymer containing polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).
(Top) Line spectral map of blend of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Note the shift in the position of the highest CH peak from ~2920 to ~2970 cm-1 as the AFM tip moves from regions of ABS to regions of PC, respectively. (Bottom) AFM image of the polymer blend showing PC and ABS domains.
Degradable Polymers
Biodegradable polymers are important materials in a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering, drug delivery, food packaging and textiles. Such materials are increasingly complex blends of base materials and performance enhancing additives. The nanoIR system has been used to map, characterize and even identify specific polymer additives.
Spectral mapping of a degradable polymer blend. AFM measurements allow spatial mapping of polymer matrix and additives. The nanoIR can then spatially map variations in chemical components. In the line spectral map (right), note the spatially varying concentration of the C=O carbonyl band (1740 cm-1) and the single bond C-O peak at around 1100 cm-1.
Composite materials
PET-Nylon composite
Composite material comprising polyethylene terephthalate fibers in a polyamide (nylon) matrix. The nanoIR instrument was used to identify the matrix material as nylon after it had been previously misidentifed as another material.
Polystyrene-epoxy composite
The nanoIR instrument can be used to map composite materials. This image shows spatially resolved absorption spectra on a model composite of polystyrene and epoxy. Notice the sharp transition in the spectra on either side of the PS-epoxy boundary demonstrate spatial resolution well beyond conventional IR microspectroscopy.
Life Sciences
Nanoscale IR spectroscopy has been used in an wide variety of life sciences applications. This will be listed here shortly
Publications
Listed below are a list of publications in the field of nanoscale IR Spectroscopy based on the technique of AFMIR
Dazzi, F. Glotin, R. Carminati “Theory of infrared nano-spectroscopy
by PhotoThermal Induced Resonance” accepted for publication in Journal of Applied Physics.
K. Kjoller, J. Felts, D. Cook, C. Prater, W. King, “High-sensitivity nanometer-scale infrared spectroscopy using a contact mode
microcantilever with an internal resonator” Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 185705 (6pp)
C. Prater, K. Kjoller, D. Cook, G. Meyers et al, “Nanoscale IR Spectroscopy of materials using an AFM”, Microscopy & Analysis, April 2010
Book Chapter on AFMIR technique and applications by A. Dazzi in the 2009 Springer published book titled “Thermal Nanosystems and Nanomaterials”
J Houel, E. Homeyer, S. Sauvage, P. Boucaud, A. Dazzi et al Mid-IR absorption measured at Lambda/400 resolution with AFM Optics Express, Vol 17, Issue 13 pp 10887-10894 (2009)
Dazzi et al, Sub-100nm spectromicroscopy of living cells, Optics Letters, July 15, 2008, Vol 13, No 14
Book Chapter on AFMIR technique and applications by A. Dazzi in the April 2008 Wiley published book titled “Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy” edited by P. Lasch, and J. Kneipp.
Dazzi, R. Prazeres, F. Glotin et al Chemical Mapping of the Distribution of viruses into infected bacteria with a photothermal method, Ultramicroscopy (2007)
Dazzi, R. P., F. Glotin and J.M. Ortega. Subwavelength infrared spectromicroscopy using an AFM as a local absorption sensor. Infrared Physics and Technology 49, 113-121 (2006).
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